This study sought evidence of success, sustainability and the nature of what action local governments can support with regard to pro-poor LED. It also sought to build on existing research, and to undertake new research where there are specific gaps. It was based on an inital project whose purpose was “to have developed an understanding of how pro-poor LED is interpreted and applied on the ground in South Africa, placing specific emphasis on pro-poor outcomes and mechanisms which can serve to realistically lay a basis to develop a monitoring and evaluation framework. The outcomes will be of relevance to local stakeholders and have potential significance for the application of LED in other countries”.